We argue that auditors are more conservative when they face high estimation risk. To test this, we examine how auditors respond to the estimation risk associated with predicting the future bankruptcy outcomes of their audit clients. Consistent with auditors being more conservative when they face...

Financial reports are prepared on a going-concern (GC) basis rather than a liquidation basis even when companies are highly distressed. This allows distressed companies to report book values of assets that greatly exceed their liquidation values, implying a lack of conservatism in the balance...