This paper examines the implications of investor expectations for the joint determination of earnings manipulation and asset prices. Three alternative models of investor expectations are studied: constant-gain learning, regime-shifting beliefs, and accounting-information-system (AIS) beliefs. I...

This paper examines whether issuing management earnings guidance motivates a firm to raise its level of performance. The failure of management to attain a forecast may reflect poorly on its industry understanding, knowledge of the firm, and management capability. Accordingly, we hypothesize and...