indicate that employment and energy use are strongly linked in Africa. Unidirectional causality from employment to energy use … estimates did not indicate any causality in Big African players like South Africa, Nigeria, Morocco, Ghana and Senegal. …

strongly linked in Africa. Unilateral causality is found from energy consumption to life expectancy and child under-5 mortality … for Senegal, Morocco, Benin, DRC, Algeria, Egypt, and South Africa. At the same time, we found a bilateral causality …

specific bootstrap critical values. Our results show that education and energy use are strongly linked in Africa. There is … consumption plays a crucial role in the energy-education links in Africa …

African countries over the period 1988-2010. Our results show that growth and energy use are strongly linked in Africa …We make use of a bootstrap panel analysis of causality between energy use and economic growth for a sample of sixteen …. However, African countries are heterogeneous and there is no “one way” recommendation about energy-growth relationship that …

) and economic growth (GDP) in 24 African countries using a panel ARDL approach. The following findings are established …

relationship between electricity consumption and economic growth by Markov Switching Vector Auto Regression (VAR) and Markov …'Ivoire, Nigeria, South Africa, Togo and Zimbabwe. The results from MS-VAR models show that in regime one, two and three, Electricity …Knowledge of the direction of the causality between electricity consumption and economic growth is of primary …

strongly linked in Africa. Unilateral causality is found from energy consumption to life expectancy and child under-5 mortality … for Senegal, Morocco, Benin, DRC, Algeria, Egypt, and South Africa. At the same time, we found a bilateral causality …

% significant result. The POLS reveal that trade and economic growth reduces degradation in Africa, while transport services in the … and economic growth showed a positive impact on environmental degradation in Africa, while transport services in the …, transport services (export and import), energy consumption, and economic growth increase degradation in Africa. This implies as …

growth for 21 African countries over the period from 1970 to 2006, using recently developed panel cointegration and causality … decreasing energy consumption decreases growth and vice versa, and that increasing energy consumption increases growth, and vice …