Private standards are gaining in importance in global markets for high-value foods. We analyze and compare impacts of three sustainability oriented standards – Fairtrade, Organic, and UTZ – on the livelihoods of smallholder coffee farmers in Uganda. Using survey data and propensity score...

Like agricultural value chains themselves, laws, regulations, and policies form an intricate system that impacts agricultural development and opportunities for small farmers. This system, often collectively referred to as the “enabling environment,” affects all aspects of value chain...

Attempts at regional integration in Africa date back to the pre-independence era, when the decolonization agenda was the main factor driving regionalism. During the immediate post-independence period in Africa, there were many attempts towards unification. A number of African leaders, among them...

International trade law is at a turning point, and the rules as we know them are being broken, rewritten, and reshaped at all levels. At the same time that institutions like the World Trade Organization (WTO) face significant change and a global pandemic challenges the rules of the market,...

At long last, gender and trade are together on the international agenda, with significant implications for women entrepreneurs and traders around the world. Alongside the landmark 2017 Joint Declaration on Trade and Women’s Empowerment, regional trade agreements (RTAs) have taken the lead on...

The 2007-2008 food crisis resulted in an unprecedented level of global public attention and political commitment to tackling the problem of food insecurity. At the G-8 summit in Italy in July 2009, the leaders of the advanced industrial countries issued the L’Aquila Joint Statement on Global...