The expectations management literature has so far focused on firms meeting the analyst consensus forecast — the expectations of analysts as a group — at earnings announcements. In this study we argue that investors may use individual analyst forecasts as additional benchmarks in evaluating...

We investigate hedge fund activism in the corporate bond market. The empirical setting we use is the active enforcement of bondholders' rights during 2003-07 triggered by issuers' violation of a standard bond covenant requiring timely financial reporting. Specifically, we examine differences in...