Drawing on the status characteristic theory, we investigate the effect of gender on board directors' status ranking and find that all else being equal, female directors' status ranking is 81.48% of one position lower than that of male directors, a discrepancy that is attributable to gender. We...

We investigate the fundamental determinants and value implications of corporate social responsibility (CSR) around the world. We contrast three broad views on CSR: (1) it is a response to government failures; (2) it reflects individual and societal preferences; (3) it is an equilibrium result of...