This review evaluates the four major theories of corporate financing: (1) the Modigliani–Miller theory of capital-structure irrelevance, in which firm values and real investment decisions are unaffected by financing; (2) the trade-off theory, in which firms balance the tax advantages of...

This paper examines the impact of real earnings management (REM) on the capital structure of listed firms across ASEAN countries using the fixed effects panel data estimator for the period 2014-2019. Prior literature has focused primarily on aggregate real earnings management, overlooking the...

This paper examines the relationship between capital structure and the inner structure of pyramid in an emerging market economy country. The author uses firm-level panel data of Chinese listed companies to analyze the influence of the inner structure of pyramid on capital structure and the...