decrease in convexity of the relationship is associated with a decrease in managers' risk shifting. Low-performers undertake …

fund manager duality using a broad sample of single managed US equity funds. We find that duality managers significantly … underperform non-duality managers. This underperformance results from duality funds in the bottom performance quintile. This … suggests that duality managers can avoid being laid off despite their bad performance. Consistent with this lower risk of …