Background: Measuring chronological age alone does not provide sufficient context for understanding the impact of ageing on societal resource planning. The burden of age-related diseases (ARDs) reflects age-related morbidity and mortality at the population level, which unveils the underlying...

In the context of rapid demographic, political and economic change, the Chinese pension system has evolved from a scheme almost exclusively for urban and public sector workers to one with broad national coverage. However, this apparent success masks structural and governance deficiencies, which...