This research investigates the association between debt overhang and carbon emissions. We employ a sample of 2,043 U.S. firm-year observations over a period of 14 years from 2007 to 2020. Our findings reveal that the debt overhang problem increases carbon emissions. This finding holds when we...

Carbon emissions and agency costs can have an impact on firms’ financial performance. However, limited attention has been paid to the combined and gradual effects of these two factors on firms’ performance. We explore the separate and combined effects of carbon emissions and agency costs on...

This study examines the joint effect of carbon disclosure and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission on firms implied cost of equity capital (COC). Based on 4,655 firm-year observations across 34 countries, we find firms' GHG emission intensity to be positively associated with COC. However, we find also...

This study examines the impact of carbon disclosure and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission intensity on the implied cost of equity capital based on a global sample. Our sample consists of 6,214 firm-year observations across 34 countries over the period of 2009-2015. We find firms' carbon disclosure...