The much-studied relationship between domestic rivalry and export performance consists of those supporting a national-champion rationale, and those supporting a rivalry rationale. While the empirical literature generally supports the positive effects of domestic rivalry, the national-champion...

This paper explores the possibility that the fortress hubs phenomenon is a consequence of the nature of airline hub-spoke network rivalry with the cost complementarities and economies of traffic density inherent to such networks. A negative network effect of local competition is identified:...