This paper studies the impact of contracted market makers by investigating the liquidity provider scheme in Sweden. The results show that the stocks become more liquid after the introduction of the contracted market makers. The liquidity improvement is explained by reduced order processing cost...

The regulatory debate concerning high-frequency trading (HFT) emphasizes the importance of distinguishing different HFT strategies and their influence on market quality. Using data from NASDAQ-OMX Stockholm, we compare market-making HFTs to opportunistic HFTs. We find that market makers...

This paper estimates a conditional version of the liquidity adjusted CAPM by Acharya and Pedersen (2005) using NYSE and AMEX data from 1927 to 2010 to study the illiquidity premium and its variation over time. The components of the illiquidity premium is in this model derived as the level of...