Many countries around the world are resorting to mandatory funded components in their multi-pillar pension systems with the purpose of catering for the financial pressure from ageing. This paper aims at analysing the possible replacement rates for such a scheme, by choosing different assumptions...

It is an empirical fact that women in most, though not all, developed countries receive lower pensions than men. That observation is confirmed in the form of a statistical generalisation, rather than a rule across the EU member states. It is also true to say, though perhaps with less confidence,...