We examine investors' perceptions of shareholder activism via voting. To identify instances of activism via voting, we focus on annual meetings with at least one ballot item where a substantial fraction of shareholders is expected to vote against management's voting recommendation, indicating an...

Motivated by the increasing influence of shareholder votes on corporate policies, we examine investors’ perceptions of activism via voting. To identify instances of activism via voting, we focus on annual meetings with at least one ballot item where a substantial fraction of shareholders is...

We examine the effect of cultural heterogeneity on corporate disclosure time orientation and its capital market consequences. To measure firms' and investors' cultural time orientation, we use their home country's long-term orientation (LTO) and the dominant language future time reference (FTR)....