The primary aim of this contribution is to reflect on the principles underpinning the disclosure of evidence under the Directive 2014/104/EU (hereinafter: the Directive), namely, the principles of proportionality, effectiveness, equivalence and consistency. Its secondary aim is to review the...

Commentators have been waiting for the Google II decision since mid-summer. The present contribution is based solely on the revelations in the European Commission’s press release. It concerns the anti-competitive tying, the exclusivity requirements, the market-foreclosure test, and consumer...

This article analyses key features of the German Act Against Restraints of Competition (section 19), including the more severe provisions of section 20, and aims to discuss the economic freedom of competition approach to the abuse of a dominant market position. Furthermore, the article details...

The article presents an analysis of Article 6 of the Romanian Competition Law and details specific examples of abusive practices in cases heard by the Romanian Competition Council on the abuse of a dominant position