The legal treatment of resale price maintenance (RPM) in the United States had a major switch in Leegin Creative Leather Products, Inc. v. PSKS, Inc., 551 U.S. 877 (2007)(Leegin). Rule of reason analysis was applied to certain category of RPM practice. While RPM in the European Union is...

Tying coerces consumers and therefore is exclusionary to competitors. In the US Microsoft case, the legal rule for assessing technical tying was the rule of reason, while in the European Union and South Korean cases, the legal rule applied against Microsoft’s parallel practices was the...