The Arab countries are a complex and diverse world, within which exists a cultural diversity that manifests in multiple dimensions: ethnic, tribal, religious, and linguistic, resulting from history, tradition, and immigration. This chapter aims to shed light on the diversity spread across the...

Purpose – This paper takes an institutional approach to identify cognitive, normative, and regulatory factors affecting women’s business leadership in an under-studied traditional society. The purpose of this paper is to assess how such forces work to create a case of female leadership...

When it comes to the status of working women in the Middle East, there seem to be two perspectives. The first group, the optimists, holds the “nothing is particularly wrong” thesis. They acknowledge that things may have not been going well for working women, but assert that their situation...