The United States faces a forecast of continuing growth in the demand for health care and an insufficient supply of primary care physicians to meet this need. The Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988 (CLIA) grant pharmacies the ability to apply for a waiver (CLIA waiver) to perform...

There is a consensus that there is an earnings premium for licensed workers relative to unlicensed workers. However, little is known about how occupational licensing affects earnings inequality. In this paper, we study dynamic, heterogeneous earnings effects of occupational licensing and draw...