analyse the interaction of emigration and immigration with foreign direct investment, exports and imports, and international … remittances. The sample comprises 112 countries with which Spain has closely interconnected migratory, commercial and investment …-2016. The results show that a greater number of immigrants in Spain boost foreign direct investment (FDI), remittances sent and …

a larger proportion than those of the native-born in trade-exposed regions, the contribution of immigration to labor … with high trade exposure was only three-fifths that in regions with low exposure. Immigration may do more to aid adjustment … market adjustment to shifting regional economic conditions. We examine immigration's role in enabling U.S. commuting zones to …

on trade flows in manufacturing between Italian provinces and more than 200 foreign countries, we assess the causal … immigrant entrepreneurs have a positive, significant and economically meaningful effect on exports. We find that increasing the … stock of (non- entrepreneur) immigrants by 10% would lead to a 1.7% increase in exports in manufacturing towards immigrants …