We conduct a lab-in-the-field experiment in rural Burkina Faso eliciting subjective exchange rates of the spouses payoff to ones own payoff for those in monogamous and polygamous relationships. Values of these exchange rates suggest significant heterogeneity among households in the consumption...

Demand heterogeneity often makes it profitable for firms to price and promote goods and services differently in different market segments. When private consumption brings public benefits, this same heterogeneity can be used to target public subsidies. We explore the design of public–private...