A number of papers document that recent machine learning models outperform traditional corporate distress models in terms of accurately ranking firms by their riskiness. However, it remains unanswered whether advanced machine learning models can capture correlations in distresses sufficiently...

Accurate probability-of-distress models are central to regulators, firms, and individuals who need to evaluate the default risk of a loan portfolio. A number of papers document that recent machine learning models outperform traditional corporate distress models in terms of accurately ranking...

Corporate distress models typically only employ the numerical financial variables in the firms' annual reports. We develop a model that employs the unstructured textual data in the reports as well, namely the auditors' reports and managements' statements. Our model consists of a convolutional...