Understanding factors affecting the direction of innovation is a central aim of research in the economics of innovation. Progress on this topic has been inhibited by difficulties in measuring distance and movement in knowledge space. We describe a methodology that infers the mapping of the...

There has been a great deal of speculation that machine learning might be a general purpose technology. Many other emerging technologies receive similar speculation. However, general purpose technologies are typically identified with the benefit of many years of hindsight. For managers deciding...

General purpose technologies (GPTs) push out the production possibility frontier and are of strategic importance to managers and policymakers. While theoretical models that explain the characteristics, benefits, and approaches to create and capture value from GPTs have advanced significantly,...