Speeding up the exchange does not necessarily improve liquidity. The price quotes of high-frequency market makers are more likely to meet speculative high-frequency "bandits", thus less likely to meet liquidity traders. The bid-ask spread is raised in response. The recursive dynamic model...

How does information get revealed in decentralized markets? We test several hypotheses inspired by recent dealer-network theory. To do so we construct an empirical map of information revelation where two dealers are connected based on the synchronicity of their quote changes. The tests, based on...

Information arrives at securities markets through price quotes and trades. Informed traders impose adverse-selection costs on quote suppliers. This creates incentives for the latter to identify relatively uninformed groups and trade with them off-exchange. The marketplace turns hybrid, at the...