The output gap is of central interest to policymakers. Being unobservable, however, its estimation is prone to error, particularly in real time. Errors result from revisions to the data and unavoidable end-point problems associated with the econometric techniques used to estimate it. This is the...

Capital controls have resulted in the creation of numerous offshore non-deliverable forward (NDF) markets for Asian currencies. The Australian experience in the 1970s and early 1980s indicates that an NDF market may facilitate a smooth transition to a fully convertible currency