We study how various types of machines, namely, information and communication technologies, software, and especially industrial robots, affect the demand for workers of different education, age, and gender. We do so by exploiting differences in the composition of workers across countries,...

In this paper, I provide novel evidence on the effects of offshoring and automation (e.g. industrial robots, 3-D printing machines) on the relative demand for different age groups of workers in manufacturing and service industries of eleven developed countries in 1996--2005. I find that while...