Using content analysis we measure the impact of soft information, derived from words in IPO registration documents, on IPO pricing efficiency. First, using 2,298 U.S. IPOs from 1996 to 2008, we find that an IPO document's strategic tone correlates positively with the stock's first-day return;...

Information flows are of critical importance for IPO pricing. We posit that individual investment bankers use personal social capital to address information problems during IPOs. Using a unique database of mutual fund bids in the Chinese IPO market, we find that when an investment banker has a...