We find that IPO firms engage in real and accrual earnings management during the IPO and that big-N audit firms constrain discretionary expenses-based and accrual-based manipulations. The restriction of these forms of earnings management leads IPO firms to resort to a higher level of sales-based...

This paper analyzes the relationship between real and accrual earnings management activities and IPO failure risk. Recent research shows that IPO firms manage earnings upward around the offer year utilizing real and accrual earnings management activities (e.g., Wongsunwai, 2012) and that these...

This paper investigates whether the reputation of the Nominated Advisor (Nomad) impacts accrual and real earnings management of Initial Public Offering (IPO) firms on the Alternative Investment Market (AIM) of the London Stock Exchange in the UK. While role of Nomads on AIM market is a...

While earnings management around IPOs has been researched in a number of settings, there has been a relative absence of work that analyses the impact of the regulatory environment on such activities. We find that the regulatory environment does impact the real and accrual earnings management...