We examine the valuation of ADR IPOs and find that they are valued similarly to U.S. domestic IPOs but significantly higher than U.S. seasoned firms. This higher valuation is not caused by differences in firm size, growth opportunity, profitability, listing exchange, diversification benefit,...

We examine the decision to list in the U.S. markets by foreign firms through American Depository Receipts (ADRs). There is a high positive correlation between the valuation of existing ADRs and the number of new ADR listings next year. ADR listing is more likely when existing ADRs are valued...

We find that most IPO firms will run out of cash soon if they did not receive proceeds from IPOs, suggesting that cash shortage may be one of the most important motives for IPOs. The cash shortfalls persist during the 5 years after IPO. Firms with more initial cash shortfalls also have lower net...

We examine the information content of changes in shareholdings after private issuance of public equity (PIPE) by mutual funds that participate in PIPEs in China. The results show that the changes in shareholdings are positively related to alpha and cumulative abnormal return (CAR) for PIPE...