We study nine equity markets between 1900 and 1925 to provide an out-of-sample test of three major asset pricing anomalies, momentum, long-term reversal, and size, in a period when anomalies were not yet known. We find strong evidence of momentum in almost every market. We find no evidence of...

We study equity markets between 1900 and 1925 to provide a pure out-of-sample test of three major asset pricing anomalies: momentum, long-term reversal, and size. We find strong evidence of momentum in almost every market. Momentum is a local phenomenon, as the returns of momentum long-short...