Do high frequency traders affect transaction prices? In this paper we derive distributions of transaction prices in limit order markets populated by low frequency traders (humans) before and after the entrance of a high frequency trader (machine). We find that the presence of a machine is likely...

Do high frequency traders affect transaction prices? In this paper we derive distributions of transaction prices in limit order markets populated by low frequency traders (humans) before and after the entrance of a high frequency trader (machine). We find that the presence of a machine is likely...

Using a model without conflicts of interest and with identical information available to equity analysts, we show that bias and herding in their stock recommendations occur due to incentives provided by relative performance evaluation and top awards. Furthermore, these incentives also lead to...

We solve analytically a pure exchange general equilibrium model of heterogeneous beliefs with habit forming preferences. Equilibrium prices depend on three factors: (i) the habit formation parameter; ii) the degree of disagreement; iii) the dynamics of disagreement. We show that in the absence...

We solve analytically a pure exchange general equilibrium model with a continuum of agents that agree to disagree on how they interpret information. Disagreement fluctuates with information quality and the disagreement model is estimated using data on professional forecasts. We fi nd that...

Max Pain price is the strike price at which the total payoff of all options (calls and puts) written on a particular stock, and with the same expiration date, is the lowest. We construct a measure of (potential) Max Pain gain/loss, sort stock prices according to this measure, and find that a...