For longer horizons, assuming no dividend distributions, equilibrium models for discounted stock prices are formulated as conditional expectations of nontrivial terminal random variables defined at infinity. Observing that extant models fail to have this property, new models are proposed. The...

The logarithm of SPX is modeled as a Sato process running at a speed proportional to the current level of the VIX. When the logarithm of the VIX is an exponential compound Poisson process with drift one may obtain exact expressions for the prices of equity options taken at an independent...