This paper explores the role of pre-opening price signals in price discovery and liquidity. NYSE Rule 48 suspends the responsibility of designated market makers for disseminating pre-opening price indications in the event of extreme market-wide volatility. Rule 48 speeds up the opening of stocks...

Recent studies highlight positive effect of political connections on firm performance and stock returns. This paper shows that the positive effect of political connections on the cross-sectional stock returns disappears in the lame duck presidency period, defined as the last two years before the...