By adverse-selecting liquidity providers, toxic order flow harms liquidity. We empirically examine which components of modern markets' net flow of orders convey information and signal toxicity. We find that the net flow of non-marketable orders is more informative than the trade-initiator-based...

We study if VPIN (Easley, López de Prado, and O'Hara, 2012, Review of Financial Studies 25, 1457-1493) is an efficient advance indicator of toxicity-induced liquidity crises and related sharp price movements. We find that high VPIN readings rarely signal abnormal illiquidity, and very...