Amendments to NASD Rule 2711 and NYSE Rule 472, enacted in May 2002, mandate that sell-side analysts disclose the distribution of their security recommendations by category of buy, hold, and sell. This regulation enhances the transparency of analysts' information and mitigates the...

This paper provides a measurement of framing effects in the stock market by using actual market open trading data, and provide a test of this new firm-special behavioral characteristic. We adopt univariate and bivariate portfolio-level analyses with seminal rational and behavioral factors, to...