This is the second paper presenting noise-reduced, stable correlations for long-term risk measurement. We smooth time series using Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA) and then form the correlations from these smoothed time series. These correlations have superior time stability and are cleaned of...

The long and continuing coal-dominated energy structure in China makes it important to investigate the impact of coal price shocks on China’s financial markets. This study identifies whether volatilities in coal market may propagate between sectoral equity markets through the heterogeneous...