We study the impact of short-sale constraints on market prices and liquidity in imperfectly competitive markets in which market-makers have market power. We show that, with or without information asymmetry, short-sale constraints decrease bid prices, but increase bid-ask spreads and...

We study the effect of the rise of indexing on price discovery. We show that this effect critically depends on the causes of the rise of indexing and the cost structure of information acquisition. If the rise of indexing is due to increased cost of participating in the non-index market, then the...

We propose a novel and tractable equilibrium model to study how information asymmetry, competition among market makers, and investors' risk aversion affect asset pricing, market illiquidity and welfare. The main innovation is that market makers compete through choosing simultaneously quantities...