We investigate benefits to business borrowers from bank bailouts – specifically the Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP). Applying difference-in-difference methodology to loan-level data, we find more favorable contract terms in five dimensions – spread, amount, maturity, collateral, and...

Bank bailouts are not ''one-shot'' events as commonly portrayed, but dynamic processes in which series of steps occur over time lasting for months or years. Regulators first ''catch'' financially-distressed banks and provide financial assistance. At this time, regulators also ''restrict'' banks'...

High levels of subprime consumer debt can create social problems. We test the effects of the TARP and PPP bailouts during the Global Financial Crisis and COVID-19 crisis, respectively, on this debt. We use over 11-million credit-bureau observations of individual consumer debt combined with...