We examine relationships between firms and their investment banks (IBs), both within and across different IB functions. For all transaction types, we find an increase in the number of relationships and a decrease in relationship exclusivity over time. We identify significant transaction-type...

We examine the impact of the Global Settlement on affiliation bias in analyst recommendations. Using a broad measure of investment bank-firm relationships, we find a substantial reduction in analyst affiliation bias following the settlement for sanctioned banks. In contrast, we find strong...