We consider comprehensive data on crowdfunding in the U.S., including debt (marketplace lending), rewards, donations, and equity crowdfunding, to formally test for the first time if banks are complements or substitutes to crowdfunding. The data indicate that bank failures in a county are...

How people react to their peers’ difficulties tells us a lot, just recall the proverb “friend in need is a friend indeed” which is very popular in many countries. In this paper, we would like to investigate banks’ reaction to natural disasters, especially droughts which are very common...