Upon extracting and quantifying relevant hedge information from the narrative section of European banks annual reports, this paper examines the impact of such information on cost of capital [as measured by weighted average cost of capital (WACC), cost of equity (COE) and cost of debt (COD)]....

This paper uses a supervised machine learning algorithm to extract relevant (soft) information from annual reports and examines whether such information determines credit risk (as measured by non-performing loans, Ohlson’s O-score, Altman’s Z-score, and credit rating downgrades). The paper...

This paper examines the impact of governance factors on the effectiveness of credit, market, operational, and aggregate risk disclosures in banks. The study measures the effectiveness of risk management disclosure by assessing the level of compliance with local and international banking...