This study investigates how a firm’s debt structure and the presence of keiretsu main bank relationship conjointly shape a firm’s innovation in Japan. Using a 2SLS regression in which corporate debt structure is endogenous, we find that public debt fosters innovation, and bank debt destroys...

This study examines how a firm's usage of social media and banking relationships influence its value. Using a sample of 6,636 year-firm observations from 2008 to 2015, the results show that social media (Facebook, Google+, and LinkedIn) positively influence firm value, whereas bank relationships...

We propose a worldwide-based loan portfolio to measure banks’ sectoral concentration that features prominently in episodes of bank specialization. We use the banks’ real loan allocation worldwide instead of the in-sample data to compute a bank specialization. We find that firms borrowing...