In modern banking, off-balance sheet (OBS) activity has played a greater role in banking business following rapid technological advancement and some regulatory development. Even though OBS activity has given birth to some new business prospects, appropriate risk measurement needs to be assessed...

In the last decade, most credit-industries registered a decline in lending volumes, with the exception of the factoring industries that instead registered a substantial increase. Surprisingly, only a handful of papers so far investigate factoring companies. Do factoring firms display the same...