A fundamental conclusion drawn from the recent financial crisis is that the supervision and regulation of financial firms in isolation — a purely microprudential perspective — are not sufficient to maintain financial stability. Rather, a macroprudential perspective, which evaluates and...

Although loan quality in the U.S. banking industry deteriorated in recent years, a comparison with the banking crisis of the late 1980s and early 1990s suggests that the industry is in a far better position today than it was a decade ago. The percentage of troubled loans is lower, loan quality...

This paper presents a stylized framework of bank risk-taking to help clarify the concept of "double materiality," the idea that supervisory authorities should consider both the risks that banks face from climate change and the impact of a bank’s actions on climate change. The paper shows...