Banks and credit unions sometimes complain that the examination process regulators use to police banking practices is oppressive. These financial institutions complain that regulators reach unduly negative examination conclusions known as “material supervisory determinations.” Institutions...

Banks always have someone watching over their shoulders, gauging compliance with law, evaluating risk, and correcting behavior. This is bank supervision. We expect a lot from bank supervision. It is supposed to ensure that banks operate in a safe and sound manner, mitigate systemic risk in the...