The strategic asset allocation is the most important decision an investor undertakes. An adequate foundation requires a multi-step, structured process. The investor needs a realistic view of capital market behaviour and has to examine his own goals, his risk tolerance and maybe further...

Robo-advisors promise efficient, rational, and transparent investment advisory. We analyze how robo-advisors determine their users' risk tolerance and which equity exposure is derived from the individual risk profile. Our findings indicate significant differences in the quality of offered...