An investigation into Exchange Traded Fund (ETF) outperformance during the period 2008-2012 is undertaken utilising a data set of 288 US traded securities. ETFs are tested for Net Asset Value (NAV) premium, underlying index and market benchmark outperformance, with Sharpe, Treynor and Sortino...

We create individual cultural values measures for households and show that this is an important determinant of their financial behavior. To date, personal cultural values have only been indirectly measured through religion and trust. But these are, at best, an approximation of true cultural...