Can investors with irrational beliefs be neglected as long as they are rational on average? Do their trades cancel out with no consequences on prices, as implicitly assumed by traditional models? We consider a model with irrational investors, who are rational on average. We obtain waves of...

We analyze bubbles and crashes in a model in which some investors are partially sophisticated. While the expectations of such investors are endogenously determined in equilibrium, these are based on a coarse understanding of the market dynamics. We highlight how such investors may endogenously...

We match administrative panel data on portfolio choices with survey measures of financial literacy. We observe that, controlling for portfolio risk, most literate households experience 0.4% higher annual returns than least literate households. We then show that more literate households display...