This paper is concerned with the optimality of a trend following trading rule. The idea is to catch a bull market at its early stage, ride the trend, and liquidate the position at the first evidence of the subsequent bear market. We characterize the bull and bear phases of the markets...

We develop an optimal trend following trading rule in a bull-bear switching market, where the drift of the stock price switches between two parameters corresponding to an uptrend (bull market) and a downtrend (bear market) according to an unobservable Markov chain. We consider a finite horizon...

Results from a large sample of individual Chinese investors demonstrate that they were more likely to trade stocks for short-term speculation after experiencing trauma such as natural disasters, serious illness, or death in their immediate family. They exhibited higher impulsivity, a greater...