For benchmarking monthly and quarterly series to annual series and to the Economic Census every five years, the U.S. Census Bureau uses an iterative, nonlinear method known as the Causey-Trager method. However, the Census Bureau's X−12−ARIMA seasonal adjustment program uses a modified Denton...

Benchmarking deals with the problem of combining a series of high-frequency data (e.g., monthly) with a series of low frequency data (e.g., quarterly) into a consistent time series. When discrepancies arise between the two series the latter is usually assumed to provide more reliable...

The methodology for the eurozone/EU estimate of quarterly national accounts aggregates is based on temporal disaggregation techniques. Eurostat regularly compiles quarterly national accounts following a benchmarking approach based on the traditional Chow and Lin technique complemented by a...

In this paper I review some of the benchmarking techniques used to compile the Spanish Quarterly National Accounts (QNA). The basic framework has three main stages. In the first one, univariate and multivariate temporal disaggregation procedures are used to generate raw data. The second stage...

The Bureau of Labor Statistics uses state-space time series models to produce small area labor force estimates from the monthly Current Population Survey (CPS). For each area, a separate model is fitted that combines a classical components model for the unobservable population values with a...

The paper starts with a description of the System of statistics (section 1), a necessary first step in a description of benchmarking. Issues related to benchmarking are dealt with in sections 2: Quality assurance; 3: Revision policy; and 4: Dissemination policy. These aspects are all described...

The paper proposes a new Hierarchical Bayes method to derive high-frequency series consistent with less-frequency data, using indicators. The method allows for the prior setting of covariates between the high-frequency values and it rewards with a greater prior probability the smoothness of the...

Most of the data obtained by statistical agencies have to be adjusted, corrected or somehow processed by statisticians in order to arrive at useful, consistent and publishable values. For example, the government agencies that collect and publish Quarterly National Accounts time series must...

Benchmarking of subannual to annual series in official statistics is usually carried out using a macrolevel procedure. This ensures that subannual estimates are consistent with annual totals, with some appropriate methods to ensure continuity of the series between years. Another approach would...