Various methodologies in economic literature have been used to analyse the international hydrocarbon retail sector. Nevertheless at a Spanish level these studies are much more recent and most conclude that generally there is no effective competition present in this market, regardless of the...

The increase in international petroleum prices generated by Russia’s invasion of Ukraine is one of the main causes of inflation, especially in Europe. In order to contain it, 13 European countries have introduced tax reductions or subsidies so as to reduce the final diesel and gasoline 95...

The increase in international petroleum prices generated by Russia’s invasion of Ukraine is one of the main causes of inflation, especially in Europe. In order to contain it, 13 European countries have introduced tax reductions or subsidies so as to reduce the final diesel and gasoline 95...